Is Our Universe Brany ?
نویسنده
چکیده
Brane-world models, which have received a lot of attention during the last few years, are essentially characterized by two basic ideas: • they assume the existence of spatial extra dimensions, in addition to our four space-time dimensions. The higher dimensional spacetime is usually called the “bulk” spacetime; • our accessible Universe is assumed to be a submanifold, called “brane”, embedded in the bulk spacetime. Ordinary matter fields are assumed to be confined on the brane. This confinement of matter on a submanifold is really the novel ingredient that distinguishes brane-worlds from the more ancient models with extra-dimensions, based on the ideas of Kaluza and Klein. The motivations for studying brane-worlds are multiple. First, branes appear in string/M theory. One example is the D-branes, corresponding to solitonic objects where open strings end. Another example is the two end-of-the-world branes of the Horawa-Witten model. Another interest is that some of the brane-world models have a strong link with the AdS/CFT correspondence. Brane-worlds have also turned to be very fruitful to address various questions of particle physics, in particular the hierarchy problem. Finally, brane-worlds are also particularly interesting for their gravitational properties. In part because of this multiplicity of motivations, there exist many models of brane-worlds. It is often convenient to regroup them in two broad categories: • models with compact flat extra dimensions • models with warped extra-dimensions. Another possible classification would be to distinguish models with so-called TeV gravity, i.e. for which the fundamental Planck mass is of the order of the TeV, from other models with a higher fundamental Planck mass.
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